The Moroccan jurist Ibn Battuta left Tangier for the pilgrimage to Mecca and continued through interconnected scholarly, courtly, pilgrimage, and commercial networks across Africa and Eurasia. His journeys took him through the Middle East, East Africa, Central and South Asia, the Maldives, Southeast Asia, and China before later travels in al-Andalus and the Mali Empire.
Sources and further reading
The Travels of Ibn Battuta, Office of Resources for International and Area Studies, University of California, Berkeley. Phase-by-phase chronology and teaching reconstruction based substantially on Ross Dunn’s historical study of the journeys.
Voyages d’Ibn Batoutah, Cambridge University Press. Bibliographic record and description of the four-volume Arabic text and French translation, with the opening route from Tangier through Egypt, the Levant, and Mecca.
Wikidata Geographic Coordinates, Wikimedia Foundation and Wikidata contributors. CC0 geographic coordinates used to verify unambiguous named places during the July 2026 coordinate audit. This source supports contemporary point placement only, not historical route or chronology claims.