The Moroccan jurist Ibn Battuta left Tangier for the pilgrimage to Mecca and continued through interconnected scholarly, courtly, pilgrimage, and commercial networks across Africa and Eurasia. His journeys took him through the Middle East, East Africa, Central and South Asia, the Maldives, Southeast Asia, and China before later travels in al-Andalus and the Mali Empire.
Sources and further reading
Ebn Battuta, Encyclopaedia Iranica. Critical biography and itinerary analysis identifying inconsistent dates, borrowed material, disputed movements, Iranian journeys, Central Asian route, India, and the contested China narrative.
The Travels of Ibn Battuta, Office of Resources for International and Area Studies, University of California, Berkeley. Phase-by-phase chronology and teaching reconstruction based substantially on Ross Dunn’s historical study of the journeys.
Wikidata Geographic Coordinates, Wikimedia Foundation and Wikidata contributors. CC0 geographic coordinates used to verify unambiguous named places during the July 2026 coordinate audit. This source supports contemporary point placement only, not historical route or chronology claims.