21 December 1872–May 1876
HMS Challenger Expedition
A converted naval vessel crossed the world’s oceans with laboratories, scientists, and new instruments for sounding, sampling, and observing the deep sea.
Place
Melbourne
A principal Australian port visited during Challenger’s global survey.
Coordinates-37.81, 144.96
Related expeditions
Sources and further reading
- The HMS Challenger: The Expedition that Discovered the Ocean, Smithsonian Ocean. Voyage scope, scientific objectives, route, and legacy.
- Wikidata Geographic Coordinates, Wikimedia Foundation and Wikidata contributors. CC0 geographic coordinates used to verify unambiguous named places during the July 2026 coordinate audit. This source supports contemporary point placement only, not historical route or chronology claims.